709 research outputs found
Intercellular protein–protein interactions at synapses
Chemical synapses are asymmetric intercellular junctions through which neurons send nerve impulses to communicate with other neurons or excitable cells. The appropriate formation of synapses, both spatially and temporally, is essential for brain function and depends on the intercellular protein-protein interactions of cell adhesion molecules (CAMs) at synaptic clefts. The CAM proteins link pre- and post-synaptic sites, and play essential roles in promoting synapse formation and maturation, maintaining synapse number and type, accumulating neurotransmitter receptors and ion channels, controlling neuronal differentiation, and even regulating synaptic plasticity directly. Alteration of the interactions of CAMs leads to structural and functional impairments, which results in many neurological disorders, such as autism, Alzheimer's disease and schizophrenia. Therefore, it is crucial to understand the functions of CAMs during development and in the mature neural system, as well as in the pathogenesis of some neurological disorders. Here, we review the function of the major classes of CAMs, and how dysfunction of CAMs relates to several neurological disorders.Cell BiologySCI(E)ä¸ĺ›˝ç§‘ĺ¦ĺĽ•ć–‡ć•°ćŤ®ĺş“(CSCD)[email protected]; [email protected]
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Pollinator limitation causes sexual reproductive failure in ex situ populations of self-compatible Iris ensata
Facile synthesis of metal-organic framework films via in situ seeding of nanoparticles
A facile in situ nanoparticle seeding method is reported to prepare MIL-101(Cr) films on alumina supports. The in situ seeding of MIL-101(Cr) nanoparticles was promoted by use of dimethylacetamide (DMA). The generality of this approach is further demonstrated for Cu 3(btc) 2 films by using a (poly)acrylate promoter
Benign Shortcut for Debiasing: Fair Visual Recognition via Intervention with Shortcut Features
Machine learning models often learn to make predictions that rely on
sensitive social attributes like gender and race, which poses significant
fairness risks, especially in societal applications, such as hiring, banking,
and criminal justice. Existing work tackles this issue by minimizing the
employed information about social attributes in models for debiasing. However,
the high correlation between target task and these social attributes makes
learning on the target task incompatible with debiasing. Given that model bias
arises due to the learning of bias features (\emph{i.e}., gender) that help
target task optimization, we explore the following research question: \emph{Can
we leverage shortcut features to replace the role of bias feature in target
task optimization for debiasing?} To this end, we propose \emph{Shortcut
Debiasing}, to first transfer the target task's learning of bias attributes
from bias features to shortcut features, and then employ causal intervention to
eliminate shortcut features during inference. The key idea of \emph{Shortcut
Debiasing} is to design controllable shortcut features to on one hand replace
bias features in contributing to the target task during the training stage, and
on the other hand be easily removed by intervention during the inference stage.
This guarantees the learning of the target task does not hinder the elimination
of bias features. We apply \emph{Shortcut Debiasing} to several benchmark
datasets, and achieve significant improvements over the state-of-the-art
debiasing methods in both accuracy and fairness.Comment: arXiv admin note: text overlap with arXiv:2211.0125
The Existence of Periodic Orbits and Invariant Tori for Some 3-Dimensional Quadratic Systems
We use the normal form theory, averaging method, and integral manifold theorem to study the existence of limit cycles in Lotka-Volterra systems and the existence of invariant tori in quadratic systems in â„ť3
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